12-08-04
I’m concerned about various physics concepts. Prior to switching to a undergraduate program of studying human behavior I had been interested in math and physics. I still have an interest in physics and questions about how some subjects are conceptualized and the logic(or lack of it). Some concepts will involve short discussion for now. Others will involve longer essays that are linked to. My interest here is not in overturning any physics theories, but instead to change the way physics characteristics are conceptualized. For example, physicists have known what gravity does for centuries, but are still trying to determine exactly what it is.
Physicists are human and have the same capacity to make mistakes as
any other humans. Physicists are just as capable of thinking inside the
box as any other humans. Those aspects of physics that involve physical
evidence and experiments can be verified. However, physics is a large
field
involving many specialties. Those involved in one specialty may not
understand
concepts from other specialties. Physicists can also become stuck in a
mind set that prevents them from recognizing illogical evaluation of
evidence.
The Accelerating “Expansion”
of the Universe Myth(11-22-04)
Dimensional
Physics(12-01-04)
Is there a photon
aether?(12-08-04)
I've decided to keep all the following ideas in this essay even
though I may have replaced some of them in the later discussions.
Keeping them shows how the later ones may have developed
and perhaps someone will find them useful in developing a
better explanation of electrons than mine. These
comments should be viewed as pursuits of different ways of
visualizing atoms or different trains of thought.
Electrons in the atom(7-08-08)
I have seen statements by physicists that indicate they still
believe
that electrons move around the nucleus of the atom. This explanation
doesn't
seem likely because it cannot explain how atoms can form electron bonds
and share electrons with each other. A moving electron would have to
travel
in a figure 8 pattern to orbit both atoms. A more likely explanation
would
be that the electrons create a field which holds them in place.
Electrons
seem to form groups, originally called shells, with only the "outermost
shell" actually being involved in forming bonds with other atoms. Under
the explanation I'm suggesting, electrons within a "shell" would use an
electrical field to hold each other in place. Their like charges
cause
them to repel each other. In a full shell, the charges would hold them
at equal distances from each other. The positive charge of the nucleus
would keep them from moving away from the nucleus. With multiple shells
the shells would repel each other. The effect of the field might be to
mask the actual positions of the electrons, making the individual
electrons
appear to be any place within the field. Electrons in the outer "shell"
would could hold a similar position in two different atoms.
Physicists have suggested that electrons might be standing
waves. It would make more sense to think of them as forming
standing waves within the atom. Under this
explanation, what were initially viewed as "shells" would
actually be separate standing waves. Shared electrons
would either be a part of two standing waves or cause the the two
standing waves to form a single standing wave.
This would be consistent with
Niels Bohr's research showing that when gas atoms/molecules
absorb radiation the result is an increase in the energy state of the
electrons. Under the model I suggest, the process would change
the wavelength of the standing wave.
One way in which electromagnetic waves could be transmitted through
matter would involve the electrons passing along the wave energy in an
analogous fashion to the way the entire atom/molecule passes along
other types of waves. In a transparent medium the electrons pass
along the wave energy without affecting the nucleus which would
mean the atoms/molecules would not be affected by the wave(e.g., become
hotter). Under such a process electromagnetic waves would
cause heating because of resistance to the passage
of the wave through the medium just like resistance to the passage of
an electric current causes heating.
02/16/09
Heating may occur as light moves from a high speed medium to a lower
speed medium. Earth has an outer layer that is hotter than
the middle layers. As light waves reach the lower speed medium
light waves would start "backing up" like cars when
they go from a high speed rural highway to a slow speed city
street. Light reaching a solid may be reflected because the
electrons in medium cannot transmit the waves of some or all
wavelengths. The electrons may be able to transmit
radiation but not recover from waves fast enough to
transmit short wave lengths. The result could
be that the motion of the entire atoms increases instead of
only the electrons moving.
12/10/11
A wave is a momentary entanglement of a set of adjacent particles that
allows all the particles in the set to pass along the same
information. The particles are only entangled for the
moment they transfer the information/energy to another set of particles
even though particles at one end of the wave may be many miles from the
other end of the wave. Two observatories thousands of
miles apart on earth can record the same event occurring on the surface
of Mars subject to the limitations such as that caused by material that
may block the ability of all portions of the wave to reach both
locations. This result would no occur if light consisted of
independent particles which is what those who think of light as
particles are really claiming. The debate over light being a wave or
particle ignores the fact that water waves or sound waves use
particles. Thus a light wave would use particles to transmit its
information. Instead of particles going from the source of the light to
the observer, the particles would pass along the information to
adjacent particles.
Electrons appear to function as wave segments
that combine to form standing wave "shells" with the wavelength of the
standing wave changing as the electrons absorb and emit radiation of
specific wavelengths.
Electro-magnetic radiation passes through
gases because electrons
in a gaseous state are free to pass along the
wave energy. Electrons in solids have less freedom to pass along
wave energy because their "behavior" is restricted by the matrix their
atoms are a part of. Instead of passing along the
wave energy to adjacent electrons, part of the energy causes the
electrons to move with the nucleus producing an increased motion of the
entire atom(i.e., heating).
When a water wave reaches an object like a small boat, the kinetic
energy of the wave is passed to the boat, but the boat moves as a unit
rather than having the energy moving parallel molecules
separately like water molecules. The passage of a single wave can
cause the boat to move up and down after the wave passes because part
of the kinetic energy is retained by the boat. The kinetic energy
of a small wave cannot move a large boat so the energy is reflected
back. Medium sized boats may both reflect the wave and absorb
part of its energy.
Many people think of water waves when they attempt to visualize sound
waves or electro-magnetic waves. A more accurate way to view
waves is as pulses (or compressions) and anti-pulses. Water waves have
high points and low points because water isn't easily
compressible. As the kinetic energy moves through water the water
in the pulse(or compression) portion of the wave must extend
vertically. Because the volume of the water must remain the same
the anti-pulse segment then needs to have a low point.
Electrical and magnetic fields are associated with atoms.
Electro-magnetic radiation can be produced by movement of an electrical
field in a magnetic field which would allow the motion of atoms to
produce electro-magnetic radiation.
Tsunami waves demonstrate the efficiency of energy transfer using a
wave compared to energy transfer by sending particles. A tsunami
wave can transfer the kinetic energy produced by an underwater
earthquake to a location over a thousand kilometers away. Even
a nuclear explosion only transfers the kinetic energy to
particles that travel only a few dozen kilometers at most.
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